The Third Martial Law

2. Khurshid Hasan Meer, Hudood laws, perspective and implications, the daily News, Islamabad, July 2 & 5, 1991

3. On demand of Shia community a proviso has been added that no Zakat or Ushr shall be charged or collected on compulsory basis from the assets or produce of a person who files a declaration on oath, witnessed by two persons who identify him, to the effect that: "He is a Muslim and follower of one of the recognized fiqahs (sects) which he shall specify in the declaration, and that his faith and the said fiqah do not oblige him to pay the whole or any part of the Zakat or Ushr in the manner laid down in this ordinance." This is a simple procedure followed by a large number of persons. An affidavit is filed swearing the above fact, specifying the fiqah, and such person becomes completely exempt from the compulsory levy and recovery of Zakat or Ushr. Rashida Patel, Islamization of Laws in Pakistan, Faiza Publishers, Karachi, p-64

To avoid Zakat deduction, several Sunnis filed affidavits with the banks declaring themselves as belonging to the Shia sect. On the basis of these affidavits, some Shia Ulema claim that the population of the Shia community in the country has increased substantially.

4. PLD 1981 FSC 23

5. Mushtaq Ahmad, Zia's Concept of State, Dawn April 7, 1994

6. During her visit to the United States in June 1989 in her first stint as the Prime Minister, Benazir Bhutto described the hanging of her father as a judicial murder.

7. General Khalid Mahmud Arif, Working with Zia: Pakistan's Power Politics, Oxford University Press, Karachi, excerpts quoted in Dawn 23.4.1995

8. Article 15 of the PCO clearly stated that "all presidential orders of the CMLA, including other orders amending the (1973) constitution made by the president or by the CMLA, martial law regulations, martial law orders and all other orders made on or after the 5th day of July 1977 are hereby declared, notwithstanding any judgment of any court, to have been validly made by competent authority and shall not be called in question in any court on any ground whatsoever."

9. The Economist, London 2-4-1981

10. The Autocrat of Islamabad - The Times, London 23.3.82

11. AFP report 19.8.1988

12. December 18, 1984

13. The Economist, London 19.1.1985

14. The International Commission of Jurists report - UPI dated 9.7.1985

15. Dissolution and Democracy by M.P. Bhandra - The Daily Dawn 13.6.88

16. AP report 8.9.1985

17. Financial Times, London 5.3.1985

18. The Times, London 16.5.1978

19. The Economist, London 2.4.1981

20. AP report of 10.7.1985

21. AP report 19.11.1985

22. AP report 14.2.1985

23. AP report 8.9.1987

24. General Zia destablized the government and then used the deterioration in the law and order situation as an excuse for the usurpation of political power. The daily Muslim, Islamabad 17.3.95

25. In autumn of 1981 a six year package of $3.2 billion economic and military aid was agreed making Pakistan the third largest recipient of American aid after Israel and Egypt.

26. M.B.Naqvi, Basic flaws in foreign policy, DAWN 1.4.94

27. Statement of the Swiss National Bank for 1985.

28. The Far East Economics Review, March 5, 1987

29 The daily Newsday New York, Feb. 23, 1993

30. The Frontier Post, April 3, 1993

31. Ayaz Amir, The Bitter Legacy - The Herald, July 1992

32. S.M.A. Sayeed, Islam and Modernism, p-186

33. M.H.Askari, The Zia Legacy, Dawn Sept. 9, 1991

34. Dawn 9.6.1995

35. Rubya Mehdi, Islamisation of the Law in Pakistan, p-154

36. Ibid. p-154

37. Ibid. p-154

38. Ibid. p-155

39. Ibid. p-155

40. Safia Bibi v. The State, PLD 1985 FSC

41. NLR 1988 SC 188